BALANCING PROTECTION AND PERSECUTION: THE DILEMMA OF FALSE CASES UNDER SC/ST ACT

Abstract

In Indian society, the most marginalized groups are Dalits and Tribals, who have historically endured numerous acts of violence against them. The Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes (Prevention of Atrocities) Act, 1989 was established to safeguard marginalized communities from past oppression and discrimination. Nonetheless, the Act cannot be deemed effective legislation owing to escalating worries regarding its misuse through false cases. This research paper examines the dilemma of balancing the Act’s protective purpose with the growing trend of false accusations. The Act establishes rigorous protections for victims but also presents difficulties for individuals falsely accused, resulting in possible exploitation. This paper conducts a doctrinal analysis of essential legal provisions and significant rulings to investigate the judicial response to false cases under the S.C./S.T. Act, as well as the repercussions of these cases on the legal system and authentic victims. The research paper examines the wider societal consequences of false allegations, such as the deterioration of trust in the legal system and the stigmatization of genuine victims. The research paper examines legal protections and judicial interpretations to recommend improvements that balance the safeguarding of vulnerable populations with the prevention of wrongful prosecution. The paper emphasizes the necessity of legal and procedural modifications to guarantee justice for vulnerable communities and individuals wrongfully accused, maintaining the Act's purpose while ensuring equity in the judicial process. This balanced approach is essential for sustaining the S.C./S.T. Act’s legitimacy and fostering trust in the legal system.

KEYWORDS: Atrocity, Caste System, False Accusation, Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes.